Antenna_e

 Homebrew Antenna used for Satellite and HF communication.

This page edited the article on a Japanese page by JE2TLZ. Contents

28MHz 0.59 λ Vertical antenna

5/8 λ Vertical antennas perform well but are too long.
Longer elements perform better.

Calculated by MMANA

wavelength	0.25	0.53	0.59	0.6	0.625
Gain dBi	0	1.98	3.23	3.47	4.13

Length on a 7.3m fishing rod was 0.59 λ.
The shortening ratio of the covered wire was 0.948 and the length was 5.97m.

ANT circuit Vert28MHz_059L_e.png, SWR&Z Vert28MHz-059_swr.gif

SWR range is narrow as it is LC-matched.

ANT photo, Matching Box photo

HF Full-sized whip antenna for cars

Vertical antenna for car. ANT photo

14MHz_SWR&Z 14MHz_WhipANT1.png

It's better to install an antenna in the center of the car.
Change by a location on the car. carvert21-.gif

It could be used by a connection directly, but an adjustment Transformer was made.
Unun32-50 photo、Circuit unun1625cir2.PNG, SWR&Z unun16-25kc2.png
A Transformer is put on the RIG side.

"-" in the element is tip wrap.

Rectangular loop ANT (21to28MHz)

Good antenna in a vertical surface.

Width 2.34m , height 5.12m , full length 14.25m of an element.
I produced the reduction effect of covering wire.

Adjusted by 21MHz is 1:1 balun. 24&28MHz by LC adjustment circuit. It's changed by the switch.
Impedance matching circuit LoopANTmach.PNG、Matching Box photo

The Large LC adjustment circuit was done small.
28MHz of SWR less than 2 was 700KHz.

HF Top Loading Verttical Dipole

• The material
  • Fishing rod of fiberglass (5.4m or 6.3m)
  • Electric wire (1.25m2*2)
  • Aluminum line (2 or 2.5mm in diameter)
  • Plastic Pen stand, Plastic board (diameter 94mm,lengt 100mm)
  • 1:1Balun

Upper Element by 0.9m above from the coil at the time of 1.6m last from the coil.
The length of the Loading Coil is 106mm, and 96mm in the diameter.
Photograph of Hi-Q Loading Coil

The frequency is switched by manual control.
The coil is short-circuited because of bottom toward the center.

I measured Verttical DP the miniVNA → VerticalDP14-21.png,VerticalDP25.png

50MHz Hentena Antenna

Hentena photo

The pole is made of aluminium pipes 16mm and 14mm,
divided into 5 sections and inserted, for a total length of 5m.

The horizontal element is 1m of aluminium pipe 12mm,
fixed with a large clip, with a terminal at the end.

The vertical element is 1.5mm copper wire;
the 1:1 balun is a ferrite toroidal core.

SWR&Z hentena50MHz.png, SWR 2.0 and below was 1MHz.

The width is said to be closer to 50Ω if it is slightly narrower than 1/6λ.

Loop Antenna

146MHz 3ele Loop ANT Gain 10.0dbi SWR2> 3.4MHz(MMANA)

Element	Spacing	Loop Diameter	Circumference	Diameter
Re	390mm	681.2mm	2140mm	3.0mm
Ra	--	651.6	2047	3.0
De	450	627.7	1972	3.0

I measured 145MHz3eleLoop the miniVNA → 3ele_loop_2m2.png

435MHz 4ele Loop ANT Gain 11.9dbi SWR2> 8.7MHz(MMANA)

Element	Spacing	Loop Diameter	Circumference	Diameter
Re	148mm	232mm	730mm	3.0mm
Ra	--	218.0	685	3.0
D1	193.5	214	672	3.0
D2	195	211	664	3.0

This 4eleLoop changed to wide a little more 3eleLoop because vertical pattern was too narrow.

435MHz 3ele Loop ANT Gain 10.2dbi SWR2>10.6MHz(MMANA)

Element	Spacing	Loop Diameter	Circumference	Diameter
Re	127mm	232mm	728mm	3.0mm
Ra	--	218	685	3.0
D1	173	210	661	3.0

432MHz 5ele Loop ANT _ EME could be received.

Element	Spacing	Loop Diameter	Circumference	Diameter
Re	174mm	233mm	732mm	3.0mm
Ra	--	221	694	3.0
D1	196	213	669	3.0
D2	246	211	664	3.0
D3	242	210	661	3.0

The material is wood, a plastic stick, an aluminum line, and a pressure terminal.
All Loop ANT is Impedance matchings are only 1:1 Balun.(Bazooka Match)BazookaMatch.png

1269MHz 4ele Loop ANT Gain 11.7dbi (MMANA)

Element	Spacing	Loop Diameter	Circumference	Diameter
Re	41mm	79.2mm	248.9mm	1.2mm
Ra	---	77.6	234.8	1.2
D1	69	72.2	226.7	1.2
D2	76	70.3	221	1.2

The material is wood, an Brass line.

The Satellite QSO me with a portable transceiver with this small antenna.
(AO-51 L/U mode, Only 1W QRP!) Rig00640s.jpg

Yagi-Uda Antenna

145MHz 3ele Yagi-Uda ANT Gain 9.0dbi SWR2> 2.3MHz(MMANA) 270g

Element	Spacing	Length	Height	Diameter
Re	248.1mm	1010mm		6.0mm
Ra	-hafeFD-	940.5	23mm	5.0
Di	558.2	895.5		5.0

I measured 145MHz3eleYagi the miniVNA → 3eleYagi_2m.png

435MHz 5ele Yagi-Uda ANT Gain 11.3dbi SWR2> 13.3MHz(MMANA) 220g

Element	Spacing	Length	Height	Diameter
Re	100mm	343.9mm		5.0mm
Ra	-FD-	304.5	16.5mm	4.0
D1	132.3	314		5.0
D2	196.4	297		5.0
D3	228.8	283		5.0
old_Ra	-FD-	304.5	17.5mm	3.0

The material is wood, an aluminum pipe(5&6mm), and a brass pipe(3&4mm).
5ele Yagi ANT is Impedance matchings are only 1:1 Balun.

2427MHz 7ele Yagi-Uda ANT

Element	Spacing	Length	Height	Diameter
Re	12.6mm	61.6mm		5.0mm
Ra	-FD-	52.0	10.0mm	2.0
D1	11.7	53.3		5.0
D2	17.0	52.4		5.0
D3	26.0	51.4		5.0
D4	31.1	50.0		5.0
D5	35.0	48.0		5.0

Point of Design
Reproducibility improves when designing in wideband.
Impedance falls though it becomes wideband when the element is made fat, and Gain rises, too.
To raise Gain, the interval of Di is widened more than Re.

 The antenna simulation is confirmed.

The difference of the resonance frequency according to the shape of the loop was examined.

Loop model	Side	Loop length	Area	percentage	MMANA-f0	NEC2-f0	difference	percentage
Triangle	0.667m	2.0m	0.157m2	49.4%	165.77MHz	165.15MHz	-0.62MHz	103.8%
Quadrangle	0.500	2.0	0.250	78.6%	163.96	163.21	-0.75	102.6%
Octagon	0.250	2.0	0.302	95.0%	160.96	160.12	-0.84	100.7%
16polygon	0.125	2.0	0.314	98.7%	160.52	159.06	-1.46	100%
Circle	0.318	2.0	0.318	100%	?	?	?	?

(Single loop,Line diameter 3mm)

The difference between the simulation and the measurement was examined.

Antenna	MMANA(miniNEC)	NEC-2 for MMANA	difference	Measured value	difference
146MHz3eleYagi	146.1MHz	145.8MHz	-0.3MHz	146MHz	Close value
435MHz5eleYagi	436.5	432.5	-4.0	432	Close value
146MHz3eleLoop	147.5(octagon)	147.2(octagon)	-0.3	146	It is lower
146MHz3eleLoop	146.14(16polygon)	146.12(16polygon)	-0.02	146	Close value
435MHz4eleLoop	437.5(octagon)	437.1(octagon)	-0.4	433.5	It is lower
435MHz4eleLoop	433.98(16polygon)	433.81(16polygon)	-0.17	433.5	Close value

NEC-2 calculates the ground effect.

MMANA Data file of all antennas

ANT_JE2TLZ2018.zip

These Antennas were designed by using MMANA & NEC2 for MMANA.Thank you for wonderful software.

 Contents

• Homebrew Antenna used for Satellite and HF communication.
• 28MHz 0.59 λ Vertical antenna
• HF Full-sized whip antenna for cars
• Rectangular loop ANT (21to28MHz)
• HF Top Loading Verttical Dipole
• 50MHz Hentena Antenna
• Loop Antenna
• Yagi-Uda Antenna
• The antenna simulation is confirmed.
• MMANA Data file of all antennas
• Contents